Source of the summary

Lec 8.pdf

1. Definition of Unconsciousness

• Unconsciousness is a state where a person cannot respond to stimuli and appears asleep.
• It may last seconds (e.g., fainting) or longer periods.

2. Levels of Consciousness

1. Alert: Fully awake and responsive.
2. Lethargic: Sleepy but aware of surroundings.
3. Stuporous: Awakens only to vocal stimuli, prefers sleep.
4. Obtunded: Responds only to painful stimuli.
5. Comatose: Unresponsive to all stimuli.

3. Causes of Unconsciousness

• Head injury.
• Disturbed blood supply to the brain (e.g., fainting, heart failure, shock, stroke).
• Abnormal blood sugar (e.g., diabetes).
• Poisoning (alcohol, opium, sleeping pills).
• Electrical brain disturbances (seizures).