Source of the summary

Lec 7.pdf

1. Definition

• Shock: A state of organ hypo-perfusion leading to cellular dysfunction and death.
• Key Mechanism: Imbalance between oxygen/nutrient supply and demand.

2. Classification of Shock

A) Low Blood Flow

1. Hypovolemic Shock
   • Most common in emergencies (e.g., hemorrhage, burns, trauma).
   • Caused by acute volume loss (blood, plasma, fluids).
2. Cardiogenic Shock
   • Due to heart failure to pump effectively (e.g., arrhythmias, myocardial infarction).

B) Mal-distribution of Blood Flow

1. Septic Shock
   • Severe infection leading to systemic vasodilation and organ failure.
2. Anaphylactic Shock
   • Severe allergic reaction causing histamine release and widespread vasodilation.
3. Neurogenic Shock
   • Results from spinal cord injury at/above T5 vertebra, causing loss of vascular tone.

3. Signs and Symptoms of Shock

A. Hypovolemic Shock

• General Symptoms:
  • Anxiety, restlessness, altered mental state.
  • Hypotension (low blood pressure).
  • Rapid, weak pulse (tachycardia).
  • Rapid, deep respirations (acidosis, sympathetic stimulation).
  • Hypothermia, thirst, dry mouth, fatigue.
  • Cool, moist skin (extremities).

B. Cardiogenic Shock