Source of the summary

Lec 6.pdf

1. Background (Musculoskeletal System):

• Bones: 200 bones form the skeleton, providing structure, protection, and strength.
• Muscles: Over 600 muscles, attached to bones via tendons, enabling movement.
• Joints: Points where two or more bones meet, stabilized by ligaments.
• Function: Bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments work together for mobility and stability.

2. Definitions:

• Fracture: A break or crack in a bone.
  • Closed (Simple) Fracture: Skin remains intact.
  • Open (Compound) Fracture: Bone pierces the skin or an object enters the body, causing a wound.
• Dislocation (خلع): Bone displaced from its joint due to torn ligaments.
• Sprain (تمزق أربطة): Torn ligaments at a joint (mild cases heal quickly).
• Strain (شد عضلي): Stretched/torn muscles or tendons, often from overexertion.

3. Common Causes of Fractures:

1. Trauma: Falls, accidents, sports injuries.
2. Osteoporosis: Weakens bones, increasing fracture risk.
3. Overuse: Repetitive motion causes stress fractures (common in athletes).