Source of the summary

Lec 3.pdf

1. Objectives

By the end of the lecture, students should be able to:

• Define bleeding and hemorrhage.
• Classify types of bleeding.
• Identify signs and symptoms of hemorrhage.
• Discuss complications of bleeding.
• Perform first aid for bleeding, including special cases (e.g., epistaxis, ear bleeding).

2. Definitions

• Bleeding: Escape of blood from blood vessels (external or internal).
• Hemorrhage: Rapid loss of a large volume of blood.

3. Classification of Bleeding

A. By Blood Vessel Type

1. Arterial Bleeding:
   • Bright red blood spurting in rhythm with the pulse.
   • Life-threatening if not controlled.
2. Venous Bleeding:
   • Dark red blood flowing steadily.
   • Can lead to significant blood loss.
3. Capillary Bleeding:
   • Slow oozing of bright red blood (e.g., cuts, abrasions).

B. By Site